Building Settlement Marker Installation Management
عرض ملف Suthakar Selvaraj الشخصي على. Installation & Monitoring of. Deep Datum, Settlement Monitoring point, Building Settlement Marker. Building Information. Health and Safety Management System. Managing the effects of tunnelling. Settlement is the technical term given to the way the ground. Specification for Instrumentation and Monitoring of. For Instrumentation and Monitoring of Reclamation. Install settlement markers in locations.
1 GENERAL This document shall be used as a guideline for the processes involved with and the use of the Main Roads Survey and Mapping Standard. Settlement Monitoring surveys are performed to determine the degree of horizontal and vertical displacement of structures, pavements and embankments over a defined period. Severe pavement damage and structural failure can be a direct result of settlement and therefore it is critical that movement outside the design tolerances are detected and measured. The Senior Engineering Surveyor is available to assist with the development and implementation of a monitoring system to suit individual requirements. 2 MONITORING OF SETTLEMENT FOR ROAD PAVEMENTS 2.1 General This activity is performed on road where experience has shown that pavement could be subject to excessive movement as a result of the road location, its foundations, amount of traffic and other factors which may now be different from those which the road was designed for. The need to monitor pavement may also develop with time, as factors such as climate change, water table variations, traffic density changes, soil compaction, changes in soil foundation type, all take effect. 2.2 Survey Requirements and Datum Unless specified, all survey work will be undertaken in accordance with Mainroads Survey and Mapping Standard. All work will be requested to be lodged on a Mainroads approved project grid which is based upon the Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994(GDA 94) and Australian Height Datum 1971 (AHD). A stable control network will be required to be established to Main Roads Survey and Mapping Standard such that ongoing (year to year) use of such marks will be possible. Appropriate survey equipment to enable vertical movements of +/- 3mm to be detected, should be utilised. Sight distances from instrument to measurement points should thus be kept to less than 130 metres. Verification of the monitoring control network(in X,Y,Z) must be undertaken before each epoch of measurements and any destroyed or inaccessible marks should be replaced if required.
Results of the survey undertaken should be presented in Excel spreadsheet format as shown at Appendix C of the Standard such that subsequent epochs can be added and movement trends observed. 3 MONITORING OF SETTLEMENT FOR STRUCTURES 3.1 General Most high use structures require either initial or ongoing monitoring to determine whether displacements outside design tolerances are occurring. Ajax Le Guide Complete Pdf Books.
The frequency and type of monitoring will depend upon factors such as structure age, type, location(eg over water), traffic volumes and susceptibility to flooding and inundation or may result from concerns raised during routine maintenance. Thus the survey requirement for each structure will vary but the survey methods, intent, instrumentation, data presentation will be similar. The Standard sets out the specific requirements for these surveys. 3.2 Survey Requirements and Datum Unless otherwise specified all work will be requested to be lodged on a Mainroads approved project grid which is based upon the Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994(GDA 94) and Australian Height Datum 1971 (AHD).